How Omega-3 Supports Aging Dogs

Kristina Voltin
Jun 9
11 min read

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for senior dogs to maintain their health as they age. These fats, which dogs can't produce on their own, can help with:

Joint Health: Reduces inflammation and eases arthritis pain.
Brain Function: Supports cognitive health and slows mental decline.
Skin and Coat: Improves skin condition and promotes a shiny coat.
Heart Health: Lowers the risk of heart disease and supports cardiovascular function.
Immune System: Helps strengthen immunity and reduce inflammation.

Quick Tips for Adding Omega-3:

Use fish oil, fatty fish (like salmon or sardines), or algae-based supplements.
Consult your vet for the right dosage (20–55 mg of EPA/DHA per pound of body weight).
Start with small doses and monitor for side effects like digestive upset or weight gain.

Omega-3s can improve your senior dog’s quality of life by addressing common aging issues like arthritis, cognitive decline, and dry skin. Always consult your vet before starting supplements to ensure safety and effectiveness.

What Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Types

What Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids?

As dogs age, they often face challenges like inflammation, arthritis, and cognitive decline. This is where omega-3 fatty acids step in. These essential polyunsaturated fats are something dogs can't produce on their own, meaning they must get them through food or supplements [3][4].

One of the standout benefits of omega-3s is their ability to reduce inflammation. For senior dogs, this can translate to relief from arthritis pain, better cognitive health, and even improvements in skin and coat condition [5]. Essentially, omega-3s play a vital role in supporting joint health, keeping the brain sharp, and maintaining a healthy coat as dogs grow older [5].

Inflammation is often at the root of many age-related diseases. That's why omega-3s are so important for older dogs. As The Kennel Club explains:

"Omega-3 might alleviate some of the symptoms while acting as a natural ally for your dog's immune system when they need it the most." [3]

Older dogs are naturally more prone to illnesses and injuries, making omega-3s an essential part of their diet [9].

Next, let’s dive into the two most impactful omega-3 types: EPA and DHA.

Main Types of Omega-3 for Dogs: EPA and DHA

While there are three primary types of omega-3s, EPA and DHA are the ones that pack the most punch for dogs [3][8]. These two fatty acids are especially beneficial for canine health [8].

EPA, found in cold-water fish like salmon and mackerel, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It helps reduce joint stiffness and alleviate arthritis pain [1]. DHA, on the other hand, supports brain function, skin health, and retinal health. It’s particularly effective for senior dogs experiencing cognitive decline [1][2].

There’s also ALA, a plant-based omega-3, but it doesn’t offer the same level of benefits as EPA and DHA [8]. For dogs, the best sources of these fatty acids are cold-water fish like salmon, tuna, herring, mackerel, anchovies, and sardines [8].

To strike the right balance, a 5:1 ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 is often recommended. This ratio helps optimize immune responses and cognitive function [4][5].

Health Benefits of Omega-3 for Aging Dogs

Supports Joint Health and Movement

As dogs age, joint pain and arthritis often become part of their daily struggles, affecting their ability to move comfortably. This is where omega-3 fatty acids step in. EPA and DHA, two key omega-3s, help reduce inflammation, providing relief from joint pain and improving mobility in senior dogs [10].

Here’s how it works: omega-3 fatty acids help decrease inflammatory compounds in the body while also supporting cartilage repair. This combination helps alleviate stiffness and discomfort, offering much-needed relief for dogs with arthritis [11].

Simon Veterinary Surgical highlights their effectiveness:

"Omega-3 fatty acids are one of the most effective natural ways to support joint function in arthritic dogs." [10]

Clinical studies back this up, showing that dogs given omega-3-rich fish oil experienced mobility improvements ranging from 20% to 33% [10][12]. These strides in mobility can make a huge difference, allowing your senior dog to stay active and enjoy life more fully.

Another perk? Omega-3s may reduce reliance on NSAIDs, which can have long-term side effects. They also help regulate metabolism, an important factor since excess weight puts additional strain on arthritic joints [10].

Let’s move on to how omega-3s can help your dog stay sharp as they age.

Improves Brain Function

Cognitive decline is a common challenge for aging dogs. Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) affects 14–35% of dogs by the age of 8 and can even start as early as 6 years old [15]. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, play a vital role in supporting brain health and slowing this decline.

DHA is essential for brain function - it helps maintain the structure and performance of brain cell membranes and facilitates better communication between neurons [14]. Essentially, it keeps your dog’s brain running smoothly. Denise Fleck, an award-winning author and animal care expert, explains:

"DHA is of vital importance in the development and functioning of the brain, skin and retina." [1]

Inflammation in the brain can accelerate cognitive decline, but omega-3s help combat this by reducing inflammation. Research has linked omega-3 supplementation to better cognitive performance, including improvements in memory, learning, and problem-solving abilities [14]. Even more promising, omega-3s may delay the onset of cognitive decline in older dogs [14].

By adding omega-3s to your dog’s diet, you’re giving them a better chance to stay mentally sharp, retain their personality, and continue learning new things as they age.

But omega-3s don’t stop at the brain - they also bring benefits to your dog’s skin, coat, and heart.

Improves Skin, Coat, and Heart Health

Omega-3 fatty acids deliver a range of benefits that go beyond joint and brain health, particularly when it comes to skin, coat, and heart function. These fatty acids provide holistic support, especially for senior dogs with multiple health concerns.

For skin and coat health, omega-3s reduce inflammation that leads to itching and flakiness. Research shows that dogs on omega-3-rich diets experience a 30% reduction in itch-related behavior caused by allergies or other skin conditions [12]. Dr. Rachele Baker, DVM, author of , shares:

"20% of dogs suffering from itchy skin due to allergies can be adequately controlled by supplementation with omega-3s." [1]

The result? A shinier, healthier coat that reflects your dog’s overall well-being.

Heart health is another area where omega-3s make a big impact. These fatty acids help maintain cardiovascular function by reducing inflammation and lowering the risk of heart disease [6]. Studies suggest omega-3s can reduce the likelihood of abnormal heart rhythms, a common issue in dogs with congestive heart failure [4]. They may also improve heart rate, blood pressure, and general heart function [4].

Denise Fleck sums it up perfectly:

"Omega 3s improve brain activity, eyesight, help both heart and kidney function, eliminate dry skin and boost your senior dog's immune system." [1]

Diets for Senior Pets | Does my senior dog need special food?

Adding Omega-3 to Your Senior Dog's Diet

As mentioned earlier, the quality and purity of omega-3 sources play a vital role in ensuring your senior dog reaps the full benefits. Now that you’re familiar with the advantages of omega-3 fatty acids, let’s explore some practical ways to include them in your aging dog’s daily meals.

Natural Sources of Omega-3 for Dogs

Fish oil and fatty fish are excellent sources of EPA and DHA, the most beneficial omega-3 fatty acids for dogs [11, 19]. Fish oil supplements specifically made for pets are a reliable option [12]. Alternatively, cooked, deboned fatty fish like salmon and sardines can provide a natural omega-3 boost. Among these, salmon stands out as being particularly nutrient-rich compared to fish like cod [7]. Just make sure to thoroughly cook the fish and remove all bones before serving it to your dog.

Plant-based sources like flaxseeds and chia seeds are another option, though they primarily contain alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Since dogs convert ALA to EPA and DHA less efficiently, these should be viewed as supplementary rather than primary sources. To improve absorption, grind the seeds and sprinkle them over your dog’s food [10, 11, 19].

Algae-based supplements are a great alternative for dogs with fish allergies. These supplements deliver omega-3 fatty acids without relying on fish, making them a suitable choice for sensitive pups.

Once you’ve identified a quality source of omega-3, it’s time to incorporate it into your dog’s diet safely and effectively.

Practical Tips for Adding Omega-3

Getting the dosage right is key. Dogs need at least 65 mg of DHA/EPA omega-3 per kilogram of body weight. A more detailed guideline suggests 20–55 mg of combined EPA and DHA per pound of body weight [10, 15]. Rather than solely relying on package instructions, consult your veterinarian to determine the ideal dosage for your dog’s specific needs. Keep an eye on any changes in appetite, digestion, or behavior after introducing omega-3.

To avoid digestive issues, start with a small amount and gradually increase the dose over time [6].

Always prioritize quality. Opt for omega-3 products from trusted brands to minimize the risk of contaminants. Store fish oil in dark bottles in the refrigerator to protect it from heat, light, and air. If the oil develops an unpleasant smell, discard it immediately [2].

Why Premium Freeze-Dried Foods Are a Good Option

For a convenient way to consistently provide omega-3 nutrients, consider incorporating premium freeze-dried dog food into your senior dog’s diet. Freeze-drying preserves nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, without the nutrient loss caused by high-heat processing.

Loyal Saints freeze-dried raw dog food is a great example. Made in the USA, it uses human-grade, all-natural ingredients and veterinarian-approved recipes, free from additives or fillers, to support your senior dog’s overall health.

When choosing a freeze-dried food, check the ingredient list for specific omega-3 sources like fish oil, flaxseed, or algae. Some premium options even include New Zealand green-lipped mussel, a highly bioavailable source of omega-3 fatty acids [13].

Look for a freeze-dried food that maintains a healthy omega-3 to omega-6 ratio, ideally around 2:1 for senior dogs [5]. This balance is especially beneficial for reducing inflammation, which can help manage joint discomfort, cognitive decline, and other age-related health concerns.

Safety Tips and Monitoring

Omega-3 supplements can provide numerous benefits for senior dogs, but it’s crucial to manage dosing carefully and keep a close eye on your pet's health. Regular check-ins with your veterinarian are essential to ensure your dog reaps the rewards while avoiding any potential complications. Let’s take a closer look at possible side effects and why veterinary guidance is so important.

Possible Side Effects of Too Much Omega-3

Overdoing omega-3 supplementation can lead to several health issues, including:

Gastrointestinal problems: Symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or persistent stomach upset.
Blood clotting issues: Signs such as unusual bleeding, bruising, or wounds taking longer to heal.
Weight gain: Caused by the additional calories from fat-rich supplements.
Immune system changes: Excessive omega-3 can interfere with immune function.
Pancreatitis: Look out for severe abdominal pain, loss of appetite, lethargy, or repeated vomiting, especially in dogs prone to this condition.

Additionally, low-quality products may contain heavy metals, which can lead to toxicity. Symptoms of toxicity can include neurological changes or kidney problems. A study revealed that the EPA and DHA levels in 21 out of 51 top-selling fish oil products in the U.S. differed by more than 10% from what was stated on their labels [4].

To reduce risks, start with a low dose - about one-quarter of the maximum recommended amount - and gradually increase it while keeping an eye out for any side effects [16].

Why You Need Veterinary Guidance

Given the potential risks, consulting your veterinarian is not just helpful - it’s essential. They’ll determine the right dosage based on factors like your dog’s weight, health conditions (such as kidney disease or osteoarthritis), current medications, and any possible drug interactions.

If your dog is scheduled for surgery, let your veterinarian know about any omega-3 supplements. Since omega-3s can affect blood clotting, your vet might recommend pausing or adjusting the dosage before the procedure [4]. These adjustments will depend on the type of surgery and your dog’s specific risk factors.

Regular vet visits are also key to monitoring your dog’s progress. Your vet can track improvements like a shinier coat, less itching, or better mobility [12], while also watching for any side effects. If needed, they can fine-tune the dosage to ensure your dog gets the right balance.

If you notice any concerning symptoms after starting omega-3 supplements, stop immediately and consult your veterinarian. Acting quickly can prevent minor issues from turning into more serious health concerns.

Conclusion: Supporting Senior Dog Health with Omega-3

The benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for senior dogs are hard to overlook. They play a crucial role in supporting joint flexibility, brain health, heart function, and skin condition - key areas that often need extra care as dogs age. Research has shown that proper supplementation can lead to noticeable improvements in pain management, reduced swelling, and even behavioral changes [4].

To get started, focus on high-quality sources like fish oil or premium freeze-dried foods that naturally provide these fatty acids. It's important to introduce any new supplement gradually, stick to the right dosage, and consult your veterinarian to tailor the approach to your dog's specific needs.

When choosing omega-3 sources, quality matters. Products like Loyal Saints' premium freeze-dried raw foods are a great option, as they retain essential nutrients and avoid the potential inflammatory effects of heavily processed foods.

Every senior dog has unique needs, but omega-3 fatty acids can be a game-changer for their overall well-being. From easing joint discomfort to promoting cognitive health, this approach aligns with the comprehensive care strategies outlined in this guide. Be sure to work closely with your vet to develop a nutrition plan that ensures your dog's health and comfort as they age. By incorporating omega-3-rich foods into their diet, you're giving your furry friend the gift of vitality and a better quality of life.

FAQs

How do I figure out the right amount of omega-3 for my senior dog?

To figure out how much omega-3 your senior dog needs, take into account their weight and overall health. A general guideline is 20–55 mg of combined EPA and DHA per pound of body weight daily. For example, if your dog weighs 50 pounds, they might require roughly 1,000–2,750 mg of omega-3s each day.

It's best to begin with a smaller amount - about a quarter of the suggested dose - and slowly increase it. Keep an eye out for any potential side effects, such as an upset stomach. And, of course, always check with your veterinarian before introducing new supplements to your dog's diet to make sure it’s the right fit for their needs.

What are the potential side effects of omega-3 supplements in dogs, and how can I recognize them?

While omega-3 supplements can be helpful for dogs, they might cause some side effects. Common reactions include diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, an unusual fishy odor on their breath or skin, and an upset stomach. In less common instances, excessive doses could result in issues like delayed wound healing, higher blood sugar levels, or bleeding problems. Signs such as excessive drooling, lip licking, or restlessness might suggest your dog is feeling nauseous or uncomfortable.

If you spot any of these symptoms, it's a good idea to reach out to your veterinarian. They can help adjust the dosage or suggest other ways to add omega-3s to your dog's diet.

What are the best sources of omega-3 for senior dogs, and how can I add them to their diet?

The top sources of omega-3 fatty acids for senior dogs include smaller oily fish like sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and herring. These fish are naturally packed with EPA and DHA, two key nutrients for your dog's health. Fish oil supplements made from wild-caught fish, such as anchovies and sardines, are another great option. If you're looking for a vegetarian alternative, algae-based DHA supplements can deliver similar benefits.

Incorporating omega-3 into your dog's diet is straightforward. You can add fresh, cooked fish to their meals or mix in high-quality fish oil supplements with their regular food. These nutrients are known to support joint health, enhance skin and coat condition, and boost overall well-being - making them especially helpful for older dogs.