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Freeze-Dried vs. Kibble for Herding Dogs
- Kristina Voltin
- Jul 10
- 13 min read
When deciding between freeze-dried raw food and kibble for herding dogs, it comes down to their unique nutritional needs and your priorities. Herding dogs, like Border Collies and Australian Shepherds, are high-energy workers who rely on diets rich in protein and fat, with minimal carbohydrates. Freeze-dried food offers higher protein content, better nutrient retention, and fewer fillers, making it ideal for performance and recovery. Kibble, on the other hand, is more affordable and convenient but often contains more carbohydrates and loses nutrients during high-heat processing.
Key Points:
- Freeze-Dried Food: High protein (50–71%), low carbs (<10%), retains nutrients, supports hydration, but more expensive.
- Kibble: Moderate protein (28%), high carbs (40–60%), affordable, convenient, but less nutrient-dense due to processing.
Quick Comparison:
Factor | Freeze-Dried Raw Food | Kibble |
Protein Content | 50–71% (dry basis) | ~28% |
Carbohydrate Content | Under 10% | 40–60% |
Moisture Content | 70–75% (rehydrated) | 5–10% |
Processing Method | Low-heat freeze-drying | High-heat extrusion |
Ingredient Quality | Whole meat, minimal fillers | Grains, fillers often used |
Cost | Higher | Lower |
Freeze-dried food is a better fit for dogs with demanding energy needs, while kibble works for those seeking convenience and budget-friendly options. Choose based on your dog's activity level, health, and your budget.
What to Feed Your Dog - Raw, Freeze Dried, or Kibble?
Herding Dogs' Nutritional Requirements
Herding dogs need a carefully balanced diet to keep up with their intense physical and mental demands. Knowing what your dog needs nutritionally is the first step in selecting the right food.
High Protein and Healthy Fats for Energy
Protein and fat are the backbone of a herding dog's diet. These dogs typically require about 90 grams of protein and 60 grams of fat per 1,000 calories - higher than the needs of short-distance athletic dogs [7]. Depending on their size and breed, active herding dogs may need between 1,353 and 1,740 calories daily, with some requiring as much as 2,100 calories. This means their diet must include higher levels of protein and fat compared to other athletic dogs [2][5].
Fats are especially important because they deliver nearly three times the calories per gram compared to proteins or carbohydrates [6]. While short-distance athletic dogs rely on about 100 grams of carbohydrates per 1,000 calories, herding dogs only need around 25 grams. This highlights their reliance on fat as a primary energy source [7].
But energy alone isn’t enough - other nutrients are key for keeping joints healthy and the immune system strong.
Vitamins and Minerals for Joint and Immune Health
Herding dogs also benefit from nutrients that enhance brain function, joint health, and immunity. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) plays a vital role in learning and memory, which are essential for dogs that need to process complex commands quickly [4]. Antioxidants combat oxidative stress, supporting brain performance, while fiber aids digestion and ensures proper stool quality [4]. A mix of essential vitamins and minerals further strengthens the immune system, helping these active dogs stay healthy and ready to work.
"We want to make sure your dog's nutrition helps [him/her] perform to [his/her] training and genetics." – Purina Institute [3]
Easy Digestion and Food Sensitivities
Efficient digestion is critical for herding dogs to absorb nutrients effectively. Digestion times can differ based on size - larger dogs may take up to 12 hours, while smaller ones digest food in 4–6 hours [9]. Diets rich in protein and meat tend to digest faster than those high in fiber, reducing the likelihood of sensitivities [9].
Food sensitivities can develop over time, even with ingredients that were previously well-tolerated. This can lead to digestive issues, skin irritation, or changes in behavior like fatigue or restlessness [10]. To minimize these risks, opt for lean proteins and easily digestible carbohydrates such as sweet potatoes and pumpkin. Avoid artificial fillers like corn, wheat, and soy, and focus on whole, nutrient-rich ingredients to support digestion and overall health [8].
What Is Freeze-Dried Raw Dog Food?
Freeze-dried raw dog food is a type of minimally processed diet made from raw meat. It’s designed to deliver the natural nutrition of raw feeding but with the convenience and safety of commercial pet food. This approach blends the benefits of raw ingredients with the practicality of a shelf-stable product.
The freeze-drying process ensures that the food retains its natural taste, aroma, and texture while addressing the safety concerns tied to handling fresh raw meat [12]. Unlike kibble, which is cooked at high temperatures that can strip away nutrients, freeze-dried raw food preserves the original structure and nutrient content of the ingredients.
"Freeze-dried dog food is different from other dog foods because it contains raw ingredients and is minimally processed." [12]
The Freeze-Drying Process
The process starts by flash freezing raw ingredients at extremely low temperatures. These frozen ingredients are then placed in a specialized machine called a lyophilizer, which creates a vacuum environment [11].
Inside the vacuum chamber, pressure is reduced, and a small amount of heat is added while keeping the food well below its freezing point. This triggers sublimation, where the frozen water in the food turns directly into vapor without becoming liquid. This method effectively removes moisture while preserving the food’s structure [11].
By removing nearly all moisture - leaving just 3–5% - and retaining up to 98% of the original nutrients, this process ensures the food remains nutrient-rich and shelf-stable [11][14][13]. It’s an efficient way to preserve the benefits of raw feeding while addressing practical concerns like storage and safety.
Main Benefits of Freeze-Dried Food
Thanks to its nutrient retention and reduced moisture, freeze-dried food offers several advantages, especially for active dogs like herding breeds. The process keeps the nutritional value intact, including heat-sensitive vitamins and enzymes that are often destroyed during traditional cooking methods.
"Freeze-drying allows the ingredients to remain unchanged. This means that their taste, smell, and overall structure is not affected by processing, which is beneficial for nutrient content and palatability." – Brittany Kleszynski, DVM [12]
Another key benefit is its extended shelf life. With moisture removed, the food is less susceptible to bacteria, mold, and yeast, staying fresh for longer periods without refrigeration [11]. This makes it a reliable option for pet owners looking for long-lasting, high-quality food.
Most freeze-dried formulas avoid grains and starches, relying instead on high protein content for energy and easy digestion. This is particularly helpful for herding dogs, which thrive on diets rich in protein and low in carbohydrates. Some products contain up to 95% animal muscle meat, organ meat, and ground bone [13], delivering concentrated nutrition for these active dogs.
Additionally, the freeze-drying process eliminates harmful bacteria while preserving essential nutrients. This makes it a safer alternative to raw feeding, offering all the benefits of a raw diet without the associated risks [11].
What Is Kibble?
Kibble is the go-to food choice for about 70% of dog owners in the U.S. Its popularity stems from being cost-effective, easy to store, and convenient to serve [18] [20]. This dry dog food is made through a high-temperature process that turns raw ingredients into shelf-stable pellets. While this method ensures convenience, it also impacts the food’s nutritional value.
How Kibble Is Made
The production of kibble involves a process called extrusion, which uses extreme heat and pressure to turn a mix of raw ingredients into dry pellets.
"Dry pet foods are made by mixing dry and wet ingredients together to form a dough. In the extrusion process, the dough is heated under pressure, then pushed through a die machine that cuts the kibbles while they are expanded due to the pressure change." - FEDIAF [15]
Here’s how it works: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals are ground into a fine mixture. This is combined with water to form a dough, which is then sent through an extruder. Inside the extruder, temperatures soar above 212°F (100°C) in just seconds under intense pressure [18]. The dough is forced through dies that shape the kibble, and as it exits the high-pressure environment, it expands and is cut into pieces by rotating blades.
Once shaped, the kibble is dried at temperatures between 250–300°F (120–150°C) and then cooled to around 175–210°F (80–100°C) [17]. This drying step removes moisture, making the kibble shelf-stable for months. Afterward, additional ingredients are added to improve flavor and extend shelf life.
Common Additives and Fillers
The extrusion process not only shapes kibble but also necessitates the use of additives to replace lost nutrients and enhance flavor. Kibble often contains more than just proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Carbohydrate sources like brown rice, oatmeal, white rice, sweet potatoes, carrots, peas, and lentils are commonly included [19]. These provide energy and help bind the kibble during production. Fiber-rich ingredients such as beet pulp, pumpkin, and psyllium husk are added to support digestion and promote a sense of fullness [19]. However, some of these ingredients may act as fillers, reducing the proportion of high-quality protein in the food.
To make kibble more appealing, manufacturers often add flavor enhancers and palatability boosters. Some even inject nitrogen gas into the packaging to prevent oxidation and keep the food fresh [17].
Despite these efforts, the high-temperature production process still affects the food’s nutritional quality.
Nutrient Loss During Processing
The intense heat used in extrusion has a downside: it compromises the nutritional value of the kibble. Temperatures between 212°F and 392°F (100°C and 200°C) can reduce the bioavailability of key nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, K, C, and folic acid [22].
"We're starting to move more into the notion that the cooking time and temperature has an influence on both the nutritional bioavailability, as well as destruction of some, or reduction in some nutrients. We even get some cross-linking of some components that might be anti-nutritional. [...] We're trying to find the perfect time and temperature for each component." - Dr. Greg Aldrich, Chief Operating Officer at Nulo Pet Food [23]
Protein quality is another concern, especially for active herding dogs. A 2017 study found that the extrusion process makes fresh chicken meat no more digestible than lower-quality proteins found in ultra-processed pet food [16]. This means even premium protein sources can lose some of their benefits during production.
To address these losses, manufacturers often use a technique called enrobing, where rendered fat, liquid, or powdered flavors are sprayed onto the finished kibble [21]. While this helps improve taste and restores some nutrients, it doesn’t fully make up for what’s lost during high-heat cooking.
For herding dogs that require nutrient-dense, easily digestible food, these processing losses can impact their energy levels and recovery.
Nutritional Comparison: Freeze-Dried vs. Kibble
Feeding herding dogs isn’t just about filling their bowls - it’s about fueling their bodies for demanding tasks. The nutritional differences between freeze-dried raw food and kibble are striking, influencing energy levels, digestion, and overall performance in the field.
Comparison Table: Key Differences
Let’s break down the major nutritional contrasts between freeze-dried raw food and kibble, focusing on what matters most for herding dogs:
Factor | Freeze-Dried Raw Food | Kibble |
Protein Content | 50–71% protein (dry matter basis) | 28% protein ("high protein" kibble) |
Ingredient Quality | Whole meat, organs, minimal ingredients | Processed meat meals, grains, fillers |
Processing Method | Low-heat freeze-drying | High-heat extrusion |
Carbohydrate Content | Under 10% | 40–60% |
Moisture Content | 70–75% when rehydrated | 5–10% |
Digestibility | Over 82% (highly digestible) | 75–82% (moderately digestible) |
Nutrient Retention | Preserves natural enzymes and vitamins | Synthetic vitamins added after processing |
The numbers speak for themselves. Freeze-dried food offers a protein content that’s up to three times higher than "high protein" kibble. For instance, some freeze-dried recipes boast 50.7% protein, while air-dried options can climb as high as 71.3% [24]. These differences directly impact herding dogs’ energy, digestion, and recovery.
Impact on Herding Dogs' Performance
The nutritional advantages of freeze-dried food translate into real-world benefits for herding dogs, supporting their demanding workloads and keeping them at their best.
Energy and Endurance: Herding dogs need protein levels far above those of average pets. While most adult dogs require around 18% protein for maintenance, working dogs often need 25%, with intensely active dogs needing up to 35% [25]. Freeze-dried food easily meets these needs, while even premium kibble often falls short.
Digestive Efficiency: Freeze-dried food’s higher digestibility ensures herding dogs get more nutrients from smaller portions. Minimally processed diets allow dogs to absorb nutrients more effectively than highly processed alternatives [26]. This is essential for working dogs that can’t afford digestive issues during long, active days.
Reduced Sensitivities: With fewer ingredients and no grains or fillers, freeze-dried food is less likely to cause food sensitivities that could hinder performance [27]. Additionally, its lower carbohydrate content supports smoother digestion and minimizes potential issues.
Rehydrated freeze-dried food, with its 70–75% moisture content, also supports kidney function and sustained energy levels - something kibble’s 5–10% moisture simply can’t match. For herding dogs, these nutritional benefits are key to maintaining peak energy and recovering quickly after a hard day’s work.
Pros and Cons: Freeze-Dried vs. Kibble for Herding Dogs
When deciding between freeze-dried raw food and kibble for herding dogs, it’s important to consider their unique dietary needs, your budget, and your lifestyle. Both options have their strengths and weaknesses, and understanding these can help you make the best choice for your dog’s health and performance.
Pros and Cons of Freeze-Dried Raw Food
Benefits
- Packed with natural enzymes and vitamins that support the demanding energy requirements of herding dogs.
- Enhances nutrient absorption, boosts energy, improves coat health, and promotes overall vitality, all while producing smaller, firmer stools.
- Made with clean ingredients and no artificial additives, reducing the risk of food sensitivities.
- Convenient for training sessions, competitions, and travel, as it doesn’t require refrigeration.[1] [29]
Drawbacks
Pros and Cons of Kibble
Kibble offers a different set of advantages and challenges, focusing on affordability and ease of use.
Benefits
Drawbacks
- The high-heat processing used in production can reduce nutrient availability and destroy beneficial enzymes.
- Contains a high percentage of carbohydrates (40-60%), which might not deliver the sustained energy that active herding dogs need.
- Lower-quality options often include fillers and additives that could trigger food sensitivities.[1] [30]
Choosing between freeze-dried raw food and kibble involves balancing nutrition, convenience, and cost to ensure your herding dog’s health and performance are well-supported. Each option has its place, depending on your dog’s specific needs and your circumstances.
Why Loyal Saints Freeze-Dried Food Works for Herding Dogs
Loyal Saints freeze-dried raw dog food is tailored to meet the unique needs of herding breeds. These active, working dogs require a diet that keeps up with their high energy demands, and Loyal Saints delivers balanced nutrition to help them thrive.
Nutrition Built for Active Breeds
Herding dogs are energetic and hardworking, and their diet needs to reflect that. Loyal Saints addresses this by creating a freeze-dried formula that skips grains and starches, focusing instead on high-quality protein for sustained energy and easy digestion [32]. The recipe pairs premium proteins with nutrient-packed fruits and vegetables [31]. This thoughtful blend provides essential amino acids, healthy fats, and vital micronutrients - everything an active dog needs to perform at its best.
"At Loyal Saints, we believe that healthy ingredients lead to happy, vibrant lives for our beloved pets." [31]
This nutrient-rich formula ensures your dog gets the fuel it needs to stay strong and healthy.
Veterinarian-Approved and Filler-Free
Loyal Saints meets stringent nutritional standards, earning approval from veterinarians and support from the AAFCO [31]. The ingredient list is straightforward and transparent: meat, fruits, vegetables, natural preservatives, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fish oil [32]. By avoiding artificial additives, the formula reduces the risk of food sensitivities. Plus, with a shelf life of up to 24 months when stored properly, it’s a convenient choice for busy pet owners [32].
Boosting Digestion and Overall Health
Thanks to its freeze-dried format, Loyal Saints preserves natural enzymes that aid digestion - something often lost in the high-heat processing of traditional kibble [12]. This makes it easier for dogs to absorb nutrients, which is especially important for working breeds.
Beyond digestion, Loyal Saints supports overall health, helps manage allergies, and contributes to muscle development with its high-quality protein [31]. Strong, lean muscles play a key role in keeping herding dogs active and healthy.
"We prioritize thoughtful formulations that not only nourish your pet but also enhance their vitality and happiness. By focusing on optimal nutrition, we help ensure that every pet thrives, enjoying an active and flourishing life." [31]
Suitable for all life stages, this formula provides consistent, premium nutrition. When rehydrated, it also offers much-needed moisture - crucial for hydration, especially when compared to the low moisture content of traditional kibble, which averages about 10% [33].
Conclusion: Choosing the Best Food for Your Herding Dog
Finding the right diet for your herding dog means catering to their high energy levels and specific health needs. These hardworking breeds thrive on nutrition that boosts stamina, sharpens focus, and supports overall health.
When weighing your options, freeze-dried raw food often stands out. It typically contains higher-quality, easily digestible ingredients compared to kibble, which helps your dog absorb nutrients more effectively [27]. As mentioned earlier, freeze-dried raw food is packed with protein and retains essential nutrients. Brands like Loyal Saints are a great example of this quality. While these options may cost around $30–$50 per small bag, the investment can lead to noticeable health benefits [34].
Your dog's individual needs also play a big role in your decision. If your herding dog struggles with allergies or sensitivities, a grain-free, filler-free freeze-dried raw diet can make a noticeable difference [27]. For dogs with high energy demands, the protein-rich and nutrient-dense nature of freeze-dried food provides the sustained energy they need [12].
Make sure to consult your veterinarian, check AAFCO standards [27], and transition to any new diet gradually to avoid digestive upset [34]. Keep your dog's age, activity level, and health conditions in mind to ensure you're making the best choice for their well-being [1].
FAQs
What are the benefits of feeding herding dogs freeze-dried food instead of kibble?
Feeding freeze-dried food to herding dogs comes with several advantages. Unlike traditional kibble, freeze-dried food preserves the nutrients, enzymes, and natural flavors found in raw meat. This makes it a more nutrient-rich and tasty choice - perfect for active herding breeds that need top-quality nutrition to maintain their energy and endurance.
Another benefit is its high digestibility, which allows dogs to absorb essential nutrients more effectively. Since freeze-dried food is minimally processed, it closely resembles a dog’s natural diet, promoting overall health and vitality. For herding dogs, this means getting the balanced, protein-packed nutrition they need to perform at their best.
What is the ideal amount of protein and fat for my herding dog's diet?
The right protein and fat levels for your herding dog depend on how active they are and their energy requirements. Typically, active herding dogs need 20-30% protein and as much as 35% fat (based on dry matter) to fuel their demanding lifestyle. For most working breeds, this means roughly 25 grams of protein and 14 grams of fat per day, though individual needs vary with size and calorie requirements, which usually fall between 1,350 and 1,740 calories daily.
To keep your dog in peak condition, pay attention to their weight, energy, and overall health. Partnering with your veterinarian can help you fine-tune their diet, ensuring they get exactly what they need to stay healthy and perform at their best.
What are the signs that my herding dog isn’t getting proper nutrition from their diet?
If your herding dog isn’t getting the right nutrients, you might notice a dull or brittle coat, excessive shedding, dry or irritated skin, or even fur loss. Beyond physical signs, changes in behavior like lethargy, low energy, or even depression can hint at nutritional gaps. These issues often stem from missing key nutrients, such as fatty acids, vitamins, or minerals.
Spotting these signs early gives you a chance to tweak their diet and keep them healthy and full of energy. Herding breeds, with their high energy demands, thrive on a well-balanced, high-quality diet tailored to their specific needs.
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