How Peas and Legumes Affect Canine Heart Health

Kristina Voltin
5 days ago
5 min read

As a dog owner, the health and happiness of your furry companion is undoubtedly a top priority. One of the most pressing questions dog owners face today revolves around diet: What should I feed my dog to optimize their health and longevity? Over the years, the debate between grain-free and grain-inclusive dog foods has captured considerable attention, especially regarding concerns about a condition known as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) - a type of heart disease. This article delves into recent research on the relationship between dog food ingredients and heart health, unpacking the findings to help you make informed dietary choices for your pet.

What Is Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Dogs?

DCM is one of the most common heart diseases in dogs, characterized by an enlarged and weakened heart that struggles to pump blood efficiently. Although it is more prevalent in certain breeds such as Doberman Pinschers and Boxers, in recent years, veterinarians began noticing DCM cases in breeds not typically associated with the condition, such as Golden Retrievers. This raised questions about whether specific dietary factors - particularly grain-free diets - could be contributing to its emergence.

The spotlight turned to certain ingredients commonly found in grain-free dog foods, such as peas, lentils, chickpeas, and potatoes, which some believed might interfere with nutrient absorption or contribute to amino acid deficiencies.

Key Findings from the Latest Study on Dog Food and Heart Health

A recent study sought to explore the potential connection between diet and heart health by feeding healthy dogs four different types of diets for 18 months. These diets included:

A grain-free diet with potatoes and peas.
A grain-inclusive diet with peas and pea fiber.
A grain-inclusive diet without peas or potatoes.
A grain-free diet with potatoes only.

The Goals of the Study:

Assess how these diets affected cardiac function (i.e., how well the heart pumps blood).
Measure levels of taurine, an amino acid critical to heart health.

The Results:

Surprisingly, the study found no significant differences in cardiac function or taurine levels across all diet groups. Whether the diets were grain-free or grain-inclusive, the dogs maintained normal heart function and taurine levels over the course of the study. These findings suggest that, when formulated to meet nutritional standards, both types of diets can support heart health in healthy adult dogs.

What Does This Mean for Dog Owners?

The study concluded that balanced, high-quality nutrition is key to maintaining your dog’s heart health. It highlighted that the nutritional profile of the food matters more than specific ingredients like peas or grains. A diet deficient in crucial amino acids or nutrients could lead to health problems, regardless of whether it’s grain-free or grain-inclusive.

The Role of Taurine in Canine Heart Health

Taurine has been at the center of the DCM discussion. This amino acid is critical for normal heart function, and deficiencies have been linked to the development of DCM in certain dogs. While dogs can synthesize taurine from other amino acids found in their diet, inadequate levels of these building blocks in low-quality foods may hinder taurine production.

Key Points About Taurine:

Taurine deficiency is linked to DCM.
Proper taurine levels depend on a diet with adequate, high-quality protein and balanced amino acids.
Feeding less than the recommended portion size can unintentionally contribute to deficiencies, even if the food is otherwise nutritionally complete.

It’s important to understand that taurine deficiency isn’t exclusive to grain-free diets. Poor-quality dog foods - regardless of type - may lack the necessary amino acids to support taurine synthesis. Always look for dog foods with a high percentage of animal protein, as these are more likely to contain balanced and bioavailable amino acids.

Peas and Other Legumes: Should They Be Avoided?

Some experts argue that peas, a common ingredient in grain-free diets, may not be ideal for dogs. Peas contain phytates, compounds that can interfere with nutrient absorption. While this doesn’t mean peas are inherently harmful in small amounts, it underscores the importance of feeding your dog a diet designed to optimize nutrient intake.

Key Considerations:

Peas and legumes in moderation are not necessarily harmful, but excessive reliance on these ingredients may affect nutrient absorption.
Focus on diets with higher proportions of animal protein to ensure better nutrient bioavailability.

Practical Feeding Tips for Ensuring Optimal Nutrition

The findings reaffirm the importance of feeding your dog a nutritionally complete and balanced diet. Here are some actionable tips to help you make the best choices for your pet:

Choose High-Quality Dog Food: Look for brands with a high percentage of animal protein and minimal fillers. Prioritize quality over trends like grain-free or grain-inclusive.
Follow Feeding Guidelines: Always feed your dog the recommended portion size indicated on the label. Underfeeding can create nutrient deficiencies, even if the food is otherwise balanced.
Consider Supplemental Diets: Adding fresh, homemade, or raw foods rich in animal protein can provide a broader spectrum of amino acids and nutrients.
Monitor Your Dog's Health: Take note of any changes in your dog’s energy, weight, or coat condition as indicators of dietary adequacy. Consult your veterinarian if you have concerns.
Avoid Overreliance on Novel Ingredients: While ingredients like peas and potatoes are not inherently harmful, they should not replace high-quality animal protein in your dog’s diet.

Key Takeaways

Balanced Nutrition Matters Most: Regardless of whether the food is grain-free or grain-inclusive, a complete and balanced diet supports heart health.
Taurine Levels Are Critical: Ensure your dog’s diet includes adequate high-quality protein to support taurine production.
Portion Control Is Essential: Feeding less than the recommended amount can lead to nutrient deficiencies.
Peas and Legumes Are Not the Villain: When included in moderation, they are unlikely to harm your dog, but they should not dominate the ingredient list.
Quality Over Trends: Focus on the overall quality of ingredients rather than following diet trends.

Conclusion

The relationship between diet and heart health in dogs is complex, but this recent study provides some clarity. For most healthy dogs, both grain-free and grain-inclusive diets can be safe and effective, as long as they are properly formulated with high-quality ingredients. When choosing a food, prioritize nutritional balance, and don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian for personalized recommendations based on your dog’s specific needs.

By understanding the importance of balanced nutrition and making thoughtful dietary choices, you can ensure your dog lives a happy, healthy life with a strong and thriving heart.

Source: "Peas, Legumes, and DCM: What the New Study Shows" - Veterinary Secrets, YouTube, Aug 26, 2025 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up3rdzOkGTQ

Use: Embedded for reference. Brief quotes used for commentary/review.