EPA and DHA Dosage for Dogs: Allergy Relief Guide

Kristina Voltin
Jun 8
11 min read

If your dog struggles with allergies - itchy skin, redness, or seasonal discomfort - omega-3 fatty acids like EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) may help. These nutrients, found in fish oil, reduce inflammation, improve skin health, and strengthen the immune system. Here's a quick breakdown:

Why they help: EPA and DHA act as natural anti-inflammatories, balancing omega-6 fatty acids (common in dog food) that can worsen allergies.
Dosage: Start with 20–55 mg per pound of body weight daily. For example, a 50 lb dog needs around 1,000–2,000 mg of EPA/DHA.
Results: Improvements in skin and coat health may take a few weeks with consistent supplementation.
Choosing supplements: Look for high-quality fish oil with third-party testing, low contaminants, and proper storage to avoid rancidity.

Always consult your vet before starting supplements, especially if your dog is on medication or has other health concerns.

Fish oil use and dosage for dogs

The Science of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Allergy Relief

Understanding how EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) work at the cellular level sheds light on why these omega-3 fatty acids are so effective in managing your dog's allergies. Their anti-inflammatory properties have made them a go-to recommendation for many veterinarians looking for natural solutions to allergy relief.

How EPA and DHA Support Skin and Immune Health

EPA and DHA help reduce inflammation by targeting specific immune pathways that conventional treatments often overlook. They achieve this by lowering the production of cytokines - proteins involved in inflammation - while also improving your dog's skin barrier. This dual action not only soothes irritation but also fortifies the skin, creating a stronger defense against allergens [1].

A fortified skin barrier means your dog's skin retains moisture better and is less prone to irritants. This enhanced protection reduces the number of allergens penetrating the skin, lowering the risk of allergic reactions [4]. The benefits go beyond skin health - omega-3 fatty acids also improve coat quality, making it appear softer, shinier, and healthier while reducing shedding and dandruff. These visible changes are a sign of improved skin and overall immune health.

Tara Evans, a Veterinary Nurse at Vita Animal Health, highlights the practical benefits:

"Omega-3 fatty acids support natural anti-inflammatory processes that can help reduce itching and redness typically associated with summer allergies. By supporting the body's immune response, they can reduce the chance of discomfort and prevent further damage to the skin." [4]

The science backs these observations. Research shows that dogs with arthritis who were given fish oil showed significant improvements in comfort and mobility. While these studies focused on joint health, they demonstrate how EPA and DHA reduce inflammation throughout the body, benefiting allergic dogs as well [1].

Balancing Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids

The balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin and immune responses. While both are essential, their ratio determines whether your dog experiences chronic inflammation or relief from allergy symptoms.

Omega-6 fatty acids, found in many commercial dog foods, are not inherently harmful - they aid in moisture retention and skin barrier formation. However, when omega-6 levels greatly exceed omega-3 levels, they can trigger excessive inflammation that worsens allergies [9]. The two types of fatty acids compete for the same enzymes in the body. When omega-3s dominate, they produce compounds called resolvins, which help resolve inflammation. On the other hand, omega-6 dominance leads to the production of pro-inflammatory compounds [10].

Current recommendations for omega-6 to omega-3 ratios vary widely. The National Research Council (NRC) suggests a range of 2.6:1 to 26:1, while AAFCO allows up to 30:1 [8]. However, many veterinary nutritionists recommend keeping the ratio closer to 5:1 or 10:1, similar to human dietary guidelines, to maximize the anti-inflammatory benefits [8].

Natalie Williams, a Nutrition Manager, underscores the importance of this balance:

"Omega-3 fatty acids are great for your dog's body and brain. They are known to have anti-inflammatory properties, and can help support hydrated, healthy skin and coat and healthy joints." [8]

Unfortunately, most commercial dog foods are rich in omega-6 fatty acids due to the inclusion of animal fats, leading to diets heavily skewed toward inflammation [1]. This imbalance contributes to chronic conditions like allergies and dermatitis, making omega-3 supplementation essential for many dogs [9].

With approximately 20% of dogs experiencing some form of allergy [5], it's common to see lower levels of key skin nutrients and antioxidants in affected pets [7]. Supplementing with EPA and DHA helps correct this imbalance, addressing one of the underlying nutritional causes of allergies.

These insights into how omega-3 fatty acids work pave the way for understanding the importance of proper dosing. By targeting inflammation, strengthening the skin barrier, and supporting the immune system, EPA and DHA deliver meaningful relief for dogs with allergies.

Dosage Guidelines for Dogs with Allergies

When it comes to managing allergies in dogs, the anti-inflammatory benefits of EPA and DHA are clear. However, getting the dosage right is crucial for effective relief. Dosages depend on your dog's weight, the severity of their allergies, and their current diet.

General Dosage Recommendations

For managing allergies, the recommended dose of EPA/DHA ranges from 50–220 mg per kilogram of body weight (or 20–55 mg per pound). Many dogs respond well to a dose of 100 mg/kg [11][12]. It’s best to start with around 25% of the maximum dose and gradually increase it while keeping an eye out for any side effects.

Keep in mind that noticeable improvements might take up to two months. Omega-3 fatty acids need time to integrate into cell membranes, so consistent supplementation is key to seeing results [12].

Here’s a breakdown of dosage recommendations based on your dog’s size.

Dosage Guidelines by Dog Size

The table below outlines daily EPA/DHA doses according to your dog’s weight:

Dog Size	Weight Range	Daily EPA/DHA Dose	Fish Oil Capsules
Small dogs	Up to 20 lbs	150–200 mg	500–1,000 mg (one capsule every two days)
Medium dogs	20–50 lbs	250–500 mg	1,000–2,000 mg (one to two capsules daily)
Large dogs	50–100 lbs	500–1,000 mg	2,000–4,000 mg (two to four capsules daily)
Extra large dogs	100+ lbs	1,000+ mg	4,000+ mg (four or more capsules daily)

For example, a dog weighing 25 kilograms (about 55 pounds) might need around 2,000 mg of EPA/DHA daily [12]. Liquid fish oil supplements often provide 200 mg of EPA/DHA per milliliter, making it easier to measure precise amounts.

It’s also important to account for omega-3 fatty acids already present in your dog’s diet. Many high-quality dog foods and therapeutic diets include these nutrients, so adjust supplementation accordingly [11].

Safe Supplementation Limits

While the table provides general dosing guidelines, it’s equally important to stay within safe limits. Over-supplementation can lead to unwanted side effects. One formula suggests that the maximum daily dose of fish oil should not exceed 310 x (body weight in kg)^0.75 [12].

Excessive omega-3 intake can cause issues such as vomiting, diarrhea, slower wound healing, weight gain, immune system changes, and reduced blood clotting [6]. For instance, a teaspoon (5 ml) of fish oil contains about 42 calories, which could contribute to weight gain in dogs on calorie-restricted diets or those prone to obesity [13].

Another concern is the impact on blood clotting. A 2015 study found that over 90% of dogs with reticulocytosis (increased immature red blood cells) who were not anemic had been given omega-3 supplements. Many of these dogs were also on NSAIDs, which may have contributed to gastric ulcers and chronic blood loss [11].

If your dog is scheduled for surgery, it’s a good idea to stop high doses of omega-3s beforehand. This precaution helps prevent complications with wound healing and inflammation responses [13]. Always consult your veterinarian to determine the safest and most effective supplementation plan for your dog, especially if they’re on medications or a specialized diet.

Choosing the Right Omega-3 Supplement for Dogs

When it comes to managing your dog's allergies, picking the right omega-3 supplement is crucial. The right choice can help improve skin health and strengthen the immune system, making your furry friend more comfortable.

What to Look For in a High-Quality Supplement

The best omega-3 supplements for dogs contain EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Dr. Theresa Fossum, DVM, highlights their importance:

"There are lots of good products out there but you should be sure to find a product that contains EPA and DHA. These are two of the most important omega-3 fatty acids." [16]

Here’s what else to keep in mind:

Third-Party Testing and Certifications: Look for products that are third-party tested and carry the NASC (National Animal Supplement Council) Quality Seal. This indicates that the supplement meets strict quality control and ingredient standards [16].
Type of Oil: Natural triglyceride oil absorbs well, while ethyl ester oil undergoes distillation to remove impurities [2].
Packaging: Supplements in dark glass bottles help prevent oxidation, maintaining freshness [2] [20].
Antioxidants: Ingredients like tocopherols (Vitamin E) or rosemary help prevent rancidity, which can compromise the oil's quality [15].
Smell Test: Fresh fish oil should have a mild, ocean-like scent - not an overpowering fishy odor [2].

For example, Omega 3 Fish Oil for Dogs by Planopaws has received positive feedback, with a 4.4/5 rating on Amazon from 8,798 reviews. Many users noted improvements in their dogs' skin and coat health [17].

While high-quality supplements can be beneficial, it's equally important to steer clear of potentially harmful products.

Products You Should Avoid

Certain omega-3 products can do more harm than good. Here’s what to avoid:

Cod Liver Oil: While it contains omega-3s, its high levels of vitamins A and D can be toxic for dogs at therapeutic doses [19].
Rancid or Oxidized Oils: These can generate harmful free radicals, which damage cells and DNA [19] [20].
Low-Quality Supplements: Be cautious of products containing contaminants like heavy metals (mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium) or pollutants such as PCBs and dioxins [19] [14]. Some fish oils that fail human-grade quality tests are repackaged as pet supplements [20].
Improper Storage: Oils stored in plastic or lacking sufficient antioxidants may degrade quickly, reducing their effectiveness [20].

For a natural alternative, you might also consider omega-3-rich foods.

Freeze-Dried Raw Food: A Natural Source of Omega-3s

Freeze-dried raw food is an excellent way to provide omega-3s through whole food sources. These foods retain more nutrients than cooked options, offering both EPA and DHA naturally [18].

One standout option is Loyal Saints' premium freeze-dried raw dog food, which is made in the USA with human-grade, all-natural ingredients. This product meets AAFCO standards and is designed for dogs with allergies. By eliminating fillers and additives that can trigger reactions, it delivers omega-3s alongside other essential nutrients, promoting immune balance and allergy relief.

Freeze-dried raw food not only provides omega-3s but also includes complementary nutrients for better absorption and overall immune support.

Consult Your Veterinarian

Before introducing any new supplement or dietary change, it’s always wise to consult your veterinarian. Dr. Fossum advises:

"Before giving fish oil to your pet, talk to your veterinarian. Your veterinarian may recommend a brand that they have confidence in and they can assist you in determining how much to give." [16]

Whether you opt for traditional omega-3 supplements or freeze-dried raw food, consistency is key. Omega-3 fatty acids take time to build up in your dog's system, so stick with your approach for a few weeks to assess any improvements in allergy symptoms.

Supporting Allergy Relief with EPA and DHA

Research highlights a promising solution for dogs dealing with allergies: EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids can significantly ease allergy symptoms. These powerful nutrients target inflammation at the cellular level and help bolster your dog's natural defenses against allergens. This ties back to the earlier dosage guidelines.

Start by administering one-quarter of the maximum safe dose and adjust gradually based on your dog's response. EPA and DHA work to reduce inflammation and alleviate allergic reactions, but dosage should also be fine-tuned based on stool quality and individual tolerance [1][21].

Equally important is the quality of the supplement you choose. Look for options with a high omega-3 to omega-6 ratio, free from harmful toxins or pollutants, and sourced sustainably [21]. Marine-based sources like fish and krill are particularly effective, as they provide EPA and DHA directly, offering more benefits than plant-based alternatives [22]. This aligns with earlier discussions about selecting high-quality supplements.

Consistency is key. Studies show that fish oil can effectively manage allergic skin conditions [3], but the results take time. Omega-3s need to build up in your dog's system, which means consistent supplementation is crucial. Many pet owners report noticeable improvements in their dog's skin and coat health within a few weeks of regular use [21].

The benefits go beyond reducing itching. EPA and DHA improve your dog's skin structure, supporting strong, healthy cell membranes and enhancing overall resilience [6]. Meanwhile, balanced omega-6 levels contribute to forming ceramides, which help restore the skin's barrier function and retain moisture [6].

Consult your veterinarian before starting any omega-3 regimen. They can guide you on the correct dosage based on your dog's weight, age, and allergy severity [1]. Regular check-ins allow for adjustments to ensure optimal results.

How Loyal Saints Supports Pet Health

When it comes to omega-3 quality, Loyal Saints takes a natural approach by offering premium freeze-dried raw dog food that supports overall health while addressing allergies. Made with human-grade, all-natural ingredients and adhering to AAFCO standards, this USA-made food avoids fillers and additives that often exacerbate allergy symptoms.

The freeze-drying process preserves the natural omega-3 content found in high-quality protein sources, ensuring your dog gets EPA and DHA in their most effective form. This whole-food approach delivers omega-3s alongside complementary nutrients, promoting better absorption and balanced immune support.

For dogs with allergies, Loyal Saints’ commitment to avoiding artificial additives and fillers is especially beneficial. Many commercial dog foods include inflammatory ingredients that can worsen allergy symptoms, potentially counteracting the benefits of omega-3 supplementation. By delivering nutrition with naturally occurring omega-3s, Loyal Saints helps improve skin health and reduce allergic reactions.

Veterinarian-approved formulations ensure that dogs of all ages receive the right nutrition ratios, making it easier to maintain consistent omega-3 intake as part of a broader allergy management plan. This thoughtful integration of proper dosing and high-quality nutrition supports the allergy relief strategies discussed above.

FAQs

How do EPA and DHA help relieve my dog's allergy symptoms?

Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, play a crucial role in easing your dog's allergy symptoms by naturally reducing inflammation. These fatty acids act as anti-inflammatory agents, helping to minimize itching, redness, and swelling often caused by skin allergies. By doing so, they can enhance your dog's skin health and strengthen its natural defense against allergens.

Beyond improving skin health, EPA and DHA also support the immune system, making it more efficient at managing allergic reactions. Adding the right amount of these fatty acids to your dog's diet can lead to healthier skin and a calmer immune response, offering relief from the discomfort allergies can bring.

What are the risks of giving too much omega-3 to my dog?

Overloading your dog's diet with omega-3 fatty acids can bring about a range of unpleasant side effects. Some of the most common issues include diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy. You might also notice a fishy smell coming from your dog's breath or skin. In more severe cases, high doses can slow down wound healing or even increase the likelihood of bleeding.

For diabetic dogs, excessive omega-3 consumption can be particularly risky, as it may affect blood sugar levels. There's also the possibility of hypervitaminosis D, a condition caused by too much vitamin D. To keep your dog safe, stick to the dosage your veterinarian recommends and stay alert for any unusual changes in their behavior or health.

How can I choose a high-quality and safe omega-3 supplement for my dog?

When choosing an omega-3 supplement for your dog, focus on products that clearly state the amounts of EPA and DHA on the label. These two omega-3 fatty acids are the key players in promoting your dog's health. Look for supplements that have been third-party tested to ensure they are pure, potent, and free from harmful contaminants like heavy metals or toxins.

For the best results, talk to your veterinarian. They can offer advice tailored to your dog's unique health needs and diet, helping you select a supplement that truly supports their overall well-being.